Responses of avian assemblages to spatiotemporal landscape dynamics in urban ecosystems

Abstract Context Urbanization and its associated impacts on biodiversity are increasing globally. There is a need to enhance our understanding of species responses inform strategies for sustainable urbanization. Objectives Three extensive bird monitoring campaigns took place over the last three decades in city Naples, Italy, providing comprehensive longitudinal dataset analyse occurrence trends urban birds. We aimed assess both species-specific assemblage-level changes birds according land cover dynamics. Methods extracted data periods 1990–95, 2000–05, 2014–18, explored spatial temporal relationships between presence/avian assemblage composition, variation. Results The richness breeding remained stable time, despite notable turnover, influenced by species’ key classes. Species with forest tended colonise area, while those dependent abandoned cultivated areas decreased or went locally extinct. Birds changed their degree dependence upon habitat type as from marginal open types needed larger amounts persist within showed an opposite trend. Conclusions Habitat-driven avian assemblages landscape led increase forest-associated species, decrease declining types. Our findings may planning promote more wildlife-friendly cities, which study area should prioritise habitats.